The seasonal ritual of snow-shoveling carries with it broader and more significant public health risks than that of the proverbial aching muscles. Though many serious injuries, hospitalizations, and deaths result every year from shoveling in the United States, scarce attention is paid to proper rules of safety.

College is a time when many young adults develop civic values while engaging with their peers. So how much do the civic values of the typical student develop between freshman and senior years? The answer to this question and the explanations behind it have deep implications for college policies intended to promote civic engagement.